T. tetraophthalmus female lays eggs in dried grass stems in the ground. Larvae will hatch and borrow into the soil looking for the roots of the milkweed.

T. tetraophthalmus larva in the root of A. syriaca

First instar monarch Danaus plexippus larva feeding on A. angustifolia leaf

Fifth instar monarch D. plexippus larva feeding on A. syriaca leaf

Adult monarch on A. incarnata

Chrysochus auratus feeding on dogbane Apocynum androsaemifolium